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Effects of Dietary Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on Growth and Some Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792)

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 119 - 128, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.765667

Abstract

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of adding different levels of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) to juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorynchus mykiss) diets about growth performance and some biochemical blood parameters. The experimental system was designed as a semi-recirculating aquaculture system and 20 rainbow trouts which weigh 7.91±0.03 g distributed randomly for each tank (300 L). Fish were fed to apparent satiation with diets containing 45% crude protein and 14% crude fat for 70 days which included no zeolite (Control), 0.5% zeolite (Z05), 1% zeolite (Z1), 2.5% zeolite (Z25) in triplicate. Finally, blood samples were collected from all fish tanks to analyze some biochemical blood parameters like cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL. At the end of the experiment, Z25 group showed negative results in final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate (p<0.05). Although Z05 group showed no significant difference, it showed the best results in final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed conversion rate, and protein efficiency. In terms of blood parameters, all the groups had similar values with no significance (p>0.05) compared to the control group. As a result, there was a tendency towards decreased growth and feed utilization due to the addition of zeolite higher than 1% in diets. It could be concluded that limited usage of clinoptilolite in rainbow trout diets might have beneficial effects on growth parameters. 

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Commission of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University

Project Number

BAP Project No: 2006/41

Thanks

We also thank Dr. Sevdan YILMAZ for reviewing the manuscript.

References

  • Alinezhad, S., Faridi, M., Falahatkar, B., Nabizadeh, R., & Davoodi, D. (2017). Effects of nanostructured zeolite and aflatoxin B1 in growth performance, immune parameters and pathological conditions of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 70,648-655.
  • Ames, L.L. (1967). Zeolite removal of ammonium ions from agricultural wastewaters. In Proceedings of the 13th Pacific Northwest Industrial Waste Conference, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA, p. 135.
  • Ando, S., & Mori, Y. (1993). Characteristics of serum lipoprotein features associated with lipid levels of muscle and liver from five species of fish. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 59 (9), 1565–1571.
  • AOAC, (1995). Agriculture Chemicals; Contaminants, Drugs. 16th edn. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Vol. 1. AOAC International, Arlington, VA.
  • Ayvaz, Z. (2004). 21. Yuzyilin hammaddesi: Zeolit. Ekoloji Magazin Dergisi, (1) 7.
  • Babin, P.J., & Vernier, J.M. (1989). Plasma lipoproteins in fish. Journal of Lipid Research, 30, 467-489.
  • Bernal, M.P, Lopez-Real, J.M., Scott, K.M. (1993). Application of natural zeolites for the reduction of ammonia emissions during the composting of organic wastes in a laboratory composting simulator. Bioresource Technology, 43, 35-39.
  • Black, D. & Skinner, E.R. (1986). Fetures of the lipid transport system in fish as demonstrated studies on starvation in the rainbow trout. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 156, 497-502.
  • Demir, O., & Aybal, N.O. (2004). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) yemlerinde klinoptilolit’nin farklı oranlarda yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (12), 15-19.
  • Dias, J., Huelvan, C., Dinis, M.T., & Metailler, R. (1998). Influence of dietary bulk agents (silica, cellulose and a natural zeolite) on protein digestibility, growth, feed intake and feed transit time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources, 2 (4), 219-226.
  • Dias, J., Yufera, M., Valente-Luisa, M.P., & Rema, P. (2010). Feed transit and apparent protein, phosphorus and energy digestibility of practical feed ingredients by Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 302 (1-2), 94-99.
  • Edsall, D.A., & Smith, C.E. (1989). Effect of dietary clinoptilolite on levels of effluent ammonia from hatchery coho salmon. The Progressive Fish Culturist, 51, 98-100.
  • Eya, C.J, Parsons, A., Iyerusalem, H., & Premalathan, J. (2008). Effects of dietary zeolites (bentonite and mordenite) on the performance juvenile rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2 (4), 961-967.
  • FAO, (2017). FAO Fishery and Statistics Yearbook 2017. Retrieved in March, 18, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca5495t
  • Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Arfuso, F., Piccione, G., & Faggio, C. (2013). Comparative study of the biochemical and haematological parameters of four wild Tyrrhenian fish species. Veterinární medicína, 58, 576-581.
  • Fazio, F., Saoca, C., Piccione, G., Kesbic, O., & Acar, U. (2016). Comparative study of some hematological and biochemical parameters of Italian and Turkish farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16. 10.4194/1303-2712-v16_3_25.
  • Hargreaves, J.A., & Tucker, C.S. (2004). Managing ammonia in fish ponds. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center SRAC, Publication No:4603.
  • Harvey, R.B., Kubena, L.F, Ellisalde, M.H, & Phillips, T.D. (1993). Efficacy of zeolitic ore compounds on the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing broiler chickens. Avian Diseases, 37: 67-73.
  • Henderson, R.J., & Torcher, D.R. (1987). The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Progress in Lipid Research. 26, 281-347.
  • Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J., & Farrell, A.P. (1992). Fish physiology. (Volume XII, Part B), The Cardiovascular System. Academic Press. Inc., California, USA.
  • Imani, A., Bani, M.S., Noori, F., Farzaneh, M. & Moghanlou, K.S. (2017). The effect of bentonite and yeast cell wall along with cinnamon oil on aflatoxicosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Digestive enzymes, growth indices, nutritional performance and proximate body composition. Aquaculture, 476, 160–167.
  • Ivkovic, S., Deutsch, U., Silberbach, A., Walraph, E., & Mannel, M. (2004). Dietary supplementation with the tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite in immunodeficiency: effects on the immune system. Advances In Therapy, 21 (2), 135-147.
  • Jawahar, S., Nafar, A., Vasanth, K., Musthafa, M.S., Arockiaraj, J., Balasundaram, C., & Harikrishnan, R. (2016). Dietary supplementation of zeolite on growth performance, immunological role, and disease resistance in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 51, 161-169
  • Kanyilmaz, M., Tekellioglu, N., Sevgili, H., Uysal, R., & Aksoy, A. (2015). Effects of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels on growth performance, feed utilization and waste excretions by gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 200, 66-75.
  • Kanyilmaz, M., & Tekellioglu, N. (2016). Effects of dietary zeolite levels on some blood parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering And Fisheries Research, 2(3), 119-127.
  • Khodanazary, A., Boldaji, F., Tatar, A., & Dastar, B. (2013). Effects of dietary zeolite and perlite supplementations on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and some serum variables in common carp, (Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 495-501.
  • Lanari, D., Agaro, E.D., & Turri, C. (1996). Use of cuban zeolites in trout diets. Rivista Italiana di Acquacoltura, 31, 23-33.
  • Laker, M.F. (1996). Klinik Biyokimya (Ulukaya E., Tokullugil A., Gür E., Dirican M., Tuncel P. ve Ulukaya E., vd. çev.), Uludağ Üniv. Tıp Fak. Biyokimya ABD., Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ltd.Şti., Istanbul.
  • Leonard, D.W. (1979). The role of natural zeolites in industry. Transactions of the Society of Mining Engineers A.I.M.E Preprint, 79, 380-401.
  • Manera, M., & Britti, D. (2006). Assessment of blood chemistry normal ranges in rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 1427-1434.
  • McKay, M.C., Lee, R.F., & Smith, M.A.K., (1985). The characterization of the plasma lipoproteins of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Physiological Zoology, 58, 693-704.
  • Mercer, B.W., Ames, L.L, Touhill, C.J., Van Slyke, W.J., & Dean, R.B. (1970). Ammonia removal from secondary effluents by selective ion exchange. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 42, 95-107.
  • Meisinger, J.J, Lefcourt, A.M., Van Kessel, J.A., & Wilkerson, V. (2001). Managing ammonia emissions from dairy cows by amending slurry with alum, or zeolite or by diet modification. The Scientific World Journal, 27, 860-865.
  • Mumpton, F.A., & Fishman, P.H. (1977). The application of natural zeolites in animal science and aquaculture. Journal of Animal Science, 45, 1188-1203.
  • Mumpton, F.A. (1999). La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and ındustry. In:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Colloquium Paper 96: 3463-3470.
  • Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H., & Troell, M. (2000). Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405, 1017-1024.
  • Obradovic, S., Adamovic, M., Vukasinovic, M., Jovanovic, R., & Levic, J. (2006). The application effects of natural zeolite in feed and water on production results of Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Roumanian Biotechnological Letters, 11, 3005-3013.
  • Olver, M.D. (1989). Effect of feeding clinoptilolite (zeolite) on the performance of three strains of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 30, 115-121.
  • Ortatatli, M., & Oguz, H. (2001). Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Research in Veterinary Science, 71, 59-66.
  • Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., Kaushik, S.J., & Van Der Werf H.M.G. (2004). Environmental impact assessment of salmonid feeds using life cycle assessment (LCA). AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 33 (6), 316-323.
  • Parlat, S.S., Yildiz, A.O., & Oguz, H. (1999). Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during experimental aflatoxicosis. British Poultry Science, 40, 495-500.
  • Pond, W.G., & Mumpton, F.A. (1984). Zeo-Agriculture: Use of natural zeolites in agriculture and aquaculture. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
  • Reinitz, G. (1984). The effect of nutrient dilution with sodium bentonite in practical diets for rainbow trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 46: 249-253.
  • Rizzi, L., Simioli, M., Roncada, P., & Zaghini, A. (2003). Aflatoxin B1 and clinoptilolite in feed for laying hens: Effects on egg quality, mycotoxin residues in livers, and hepatic-mixed function oxygenase activities. Journal of Food Protection, 66, 860-865.
  • Roscoe Miller, W., Hendricks, A.C., & Cairns Jr, J. (1983). Normal ranges for diagnostically haematological and blood chemistry characteristics of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40: 420-425.
  • Shimma, Y., Shimma, H., Ikeda, K., Akiyama, T., & Suzuki, R. (1984). A rearing test of 2-year-old rainbow trout a 15 °C pond from June to spawning in December with reference to plasma constituents. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture, 6, 33-43.
  • Tacon, A.G.J. (1997). Aquafeeds and Feeding Strategies. In: Review of the State of World Aquaculture, FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886 (Rev.1), Rome, Italy pp. 39-44. Willis, W.L., Quarles, C.L., & Fagerberg, D.J. (1982). Evaluation of zeolites fed to male broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 61, 438-442.
  • Valpotić, H., Gračner, D., Turk, R., Đuričić, D., Vince, S., Folnožić, I., Lojkić, M., Žaja, I.Ž., Bedrica, L., Maćešić, N., Getz, I., Dobranić, T., & Samardžija, M. (2017). Zeolite clinoptilolite nanoporous feed additive for animals of veterinary importance: potentials and limitations. Periodicum Biologorum, 119 (3), 159–172.
  • Yildirim, O., Turker, A., & Bilgin, S. (2009). Effects of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels in fish diet on water quality, growth performance and nutrient utilization of Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) FRY. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin,18, 1567-1571.
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Diyetteki Doğal Zeolitin (Klinoptilolit) Gökkuşağı Alabalığının (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) Büyüme ve Bazı Kan Parametreleri Üzerindeki Etkileri

Year 2021, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 119 - 128, 01.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.765667

Abstract

Bu çalışma, genç gökkuşağı alabalığı (Onchorynchus mykiss) diyetlerine farklı seviyelerde doğal zeolit (klinoptilolit) eklenmesinin büyüme performansı ve bazı biyokimyasal kan parametreleri üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Deney sistemi, yarı devridaim yapan bir kültür balıkçılığı sistemi olarak tasarlanmış ve her bir tanka (300 L) 7.91±0.03 g ağırlığında 20 gökkuşağı alabalığı rastgele dağıtılmıştır. tasarlanmıştır. Balıklar, %45 ham protein ve %14 ham yağ kompozisyonlu zeolit içermeyen (Kontrol),% 0.5 zeolit (Z05),% 1 zeolit (Z1),% 2.5 zeolit (Z25) içeren diyetlerle 70 gün boyunca doyana kadar beslenmiştir. Son olarak, kolesterol, trigliseritler, LDL, HDL ve VLDL gibi bazı biyokimyasal kan parametrelerini analiz etmek için tüm balık tanklarından kan örnekleri alınmıştır. Deney sonunda Z25 grubu son vücut ağırlığı, ağırlık artışı ve spesifik büyüme oranında negatif sonuçlar göstermiştir (p <0.05). Z05 grubu, anlamlı bir fark olmamasına rağmen son vücut ağırlığı, ağırlık artışı, spesifik büyüme oranı, yem alımı, yemden yararlanma oranı ve protein veriminde en iyi sonuçları göstermiştir. Kan parametreleri açısından tüm gruplar, kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olmayan benzer değerlere sahiptir (p> 0.05). Sonuç olarak, zeolitin diyetlere %1'den fazla eklenmesi nedeniyle büyüme ve yemden yararlanmada azalma eğilimigörülmüştür. Gökkuşağı alabalığı diyetlerinde sınırlı klinoptilolit kullanımının büyüme parametreleri üzerinde faydalı etkileri olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Project Number

BAP Project No: 2006/41

References

  • Alinezhad, S., Faridi, M., Falahatkar, B., Nabizadeh, R., & Davoodi, D. (2017). Effects of nanostructured zeolite and aflatoxin B1 in growth performance, immune parameters and pathological conditions of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 70,648-655.
  • Ames, L.L. (1967). Zeolite removal of ammonium ions from agricultural wastewaters. In Proceedings of the 13th Pacific Northwest Industrial Waste Conference, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA, p. 135.
  • Ando, S., & Mori, Y. (1993). Characteristics of serum lipoprotein features associated with lipid levels of muscle and liver from five species of fish. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi: Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 59 (9), 1565–1571.
  • AOAC, (1995). Agriculture Chemicals; Contaminants, Drugs. 16th edn. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International Vol. 1. AOAC International, Arlington, VA.
  • Ayvaz, Z. (2004). 21. Yuzyilin hammaddesi: Zeolit. Ekoloji Magazin Dergisi, (1) 7.
  • Babin, P.J., & Vernier, J.M. (1989). Plasma lipoproteins in fish. Journal of Lipid Research, 30, 467-489.
  • Bernal, M.P, Lopez-Real, J.M., Scott, K.M. (1993). Application of natural zeolites for the reduction of ammonia emissions during the composting of organic wastes in a laboratory composting simulator. Bioresource Technology, 43, 35-39.
  • Black, D. & Skinner, E.R. (1986). Fetures of the lipid transport system in fish as demonstrated studies on starvation in the rainbow trout. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 156, 497-502.
  • Demir, O., & Aybal, N.O. (2004). Gökkuşağı alabalığı (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) yemlerinde klinoptilolit’nin farklı oranlarda yem katkı maddesi olarak kullanımı. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 2 (12), 15-19.
  • Dias, J., Huelvan, C., Dinis, M.T., & Metailler, R. (1998). Influence of dietary bulk agents (silica, cellulose and a natural zeolite) on protein digestibility, growth, feed intake and feed transit time in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles. Aquatic Living Resources, 2 (4), 219-226.
  • Dias, J., Yufera, M., Valente-Luisa, M.P., & Rema, P. (2010). Feed transit and apparent protein, phosphorus and energy digestibility of practical feed ingredients by Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 302 (1-2), 94-99.
  • Edsall, D.A., & Smith, C.E. (1989). Effect of dietary clinoptilolite on levels of effluent ammonia from hatchery coho salmon. The Progressive Fish Culturist, 51, 98-100.
  • Eya, C.J, Parsons, A., Iyerusalem, H., & Premalathan, J. (2008). Effects of dietary zeolites (bentonite and mordenite) on the performance juvenile rainbow trout Onchorhynchus mykiss. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2 (4), 961-967.
  • FAO, (2017). FAO Fishery and Statistics Yearbook 2017. Retrieved in March, 18, 2020 from http://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca5495t
  • Fazio, F., Marafioti, S., Arfuso, F., Piccione, G., & Faggio, C. (2013). Comparative study of the biochemical and haematological parameters of four wild Tyrrhenian fish species. Veterinární medicína, 58, 576-581.
  • Fazio, F., Saoca, C., Piccione, G., Kesbic, O., & Acar, U. (2016). Comparative study of some hematological and biochemical parameters of Italian and Turkish farmed rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 16. 10.4194/1303-2712-v16_3_25.
  • Hargreaves, J.A., & Tucker, C.S. (2004). Managing ammonia in fish ponds. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center SRAC, Publication No:4603.
  • Harvey, R.B., Kubena, L.F, Ellisalde, M.H, & Phillips, T.D. (1993). Efficacy of zeolitic ore compounds on the toxicity of aflatoxin to growing broiler chickens. Avian Diseases, 37: 67-73.
  • Henderson, R.J., & Torcher, D.R. (1987). The lipid composition and biochemistry of freshwater fish. Progress in Lipid Research. 26, 281-347.
  • Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J., & Farrell, A.P. (1992). Fish physiology. (Volume XII, Part B), The Cardiovascular System. Academic Press. Inc., California, USA.
  • Imani, A., Bani, M.S., Noori, F., Farzaneh, M. & Moghanlou, K.S. (2017). The effect of bentonite and yeast cell wall along with cinnamon oil on aflatoxicosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Digestive enzymes, growth indices, nutritional performance and proximate body composition. Aquaculture, 476, 160–167.
  • Ivkovic, S., Deutsch, U., Silberbach, A., Walraph, E., & Mannel, M. (2004). Dietary supplementation with the tribomechanically activated zeolite clinoptilolite in immunodeficiency: effects on the immune system. Advances In Therapy, 21 (2), 135-147.
  • Jawahar, S., Nafar, A., Vasanth, K., Musthafa, M.S., Arockiaraj, J., Balasundaram, C., & Harikrishnan, R. (2016). Dietary supplementation of zeolite on growth performance, immunological role, and disease resistance in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 51, 161-169
  • Kanyilmaz, M., Tekellioglu, N., Sevgili, H., Uysal, R., & Aksoy, A. (2015). Effects of dietary zeolite (clinoptilolite) levels on growth performance, feed utilization and waste excretions by gilthead sea bream juveniles (Sparus aurata). Animal Feed Science and Technology, 200, 66-75.
  • Kanyilmaz, M., & Tekellioglu, N. (2016). Effects of dietary zeolite levels on some blood parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles. Journal of Aquaculture Engineering And Fisheries Research, 2(3), 119-127.
  • Khodanazary, A., Boldaji, F., Tatar, A., & Dastar, B. (2013). Effects of dietary zeolite and perlite supplementations on growth and nutrient utilization performance, and some serum variables in common carp, (Cyprinus carpio). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 13, 495-501.
  • Lanari, D., Agaro, E.D., & Turri, C. (1996). Use of cuban zeolites in trout diets. Rivista Italiana di Acquacoltura, 31, 23-33.
  • Laker, M.F. (1996). Klinik Biyokimya (Ulukaya E., Tokullugil A., Gür E., Dirican M., Tuncel P. ve Ulukaya E., vd. çev.), Uludağ Üniv. Tıp Fak. Biyokimya ABD., Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ltd.Şti., Istanbul.
  • Leonard, D.W. (1979). The role of natural zeolites in industry. Transactions of the Society of Mining Engineers A.I.M.E Preprint, 79, 380-401.
  • Manera, M., & Britti, D. (2006). Assessment of blood chemistry normal ranges in rainbow trout. Journal of Fish Biology, 69, 1427-1434.
  • McKay, M.C., Lee, R.F., & Smith, M.A.K., (1985). The characterization of the plasma lipoproteins of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Physiological Zoology, 58, 693-704.
  • Mercer, B.W., Ames, L.L, Touhill, C.J., Van Slyke, W.J., & Dean, R.B. (1970). Ammonia removal from secondary effluents by selective ion exchange. Research Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 42, 95-107.
  • Meisinger, J.J, Lefcourt, A.M., Van Kessel, J.A., & Wilkerson, V. (2001). Managing ammonia emissions from dairy cows by amending slurry with alum, or zeolite or by diet modification. The Scientific World Journal, 27, 860-865.
  • Mumpton, F.A., & Fishman, P.H. (1977). The application of natural zeolites in animal science and aquaculture. Journal of Animal Science, 45, 1188-1203.
  • Mumpton, F.A. (1999). La roca magica: Uses of natural zeolites in agriculture and ındustry. In:. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, Colloquium Paper 96: 3463-3470.
  • Naylor, R.L., Goldburg, R.J., Primavera, J.H., Kautsky, N., Beveridge, M.C.M., Clay, J., Folke, C., Lubchenco, J., Mooney, H., & Troell, M. (2000). Effect of aquaculture on world fish supplies. Nature, 405, 1017-1024.
  • Obradovic, S., Adamovic, M., Vukasinovic, M., Jovanovic, R., & Levic, J. (2006). The application effects of natural zeolite in feed and water on production results of Onchorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Roumanian Biotechnological Letters, 11, 3005-3013.
  • Olver, M.D. (1989). Effect of feeding clinoptilolite (zeolite) on the performance of three strains of laying hens. British Poultry Science, 30, 115-121.
  • Ortatatli, M., & Oguz, H. (2001). Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis. Research in Veterinary Science, 71, 59-66.
  • Papatryphon, E., Petit, J., Kaushik, S.J., & Van Der Werf H.M.G. (2004). Environmental impact assessment of salmonid feeds using life cycle assessment (LCA). AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 33 (6), 316-323.
  • Parlat, S.S., Yildiz, A.O., & Oguz, H. (1999). Effect of clinoptilolite on performance of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) during experimental aflatoxicosis. British Poultry Science, 40, 495-500.
  • Pond, W.G., & Mumpton, F.A. (1984). Zeo-Agriculture: Use of natural zeolites in agriculture and aquaculture. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
  • Reinitz, G. (1984). The effect of nutrient dilution with sodium bentonite in practical diets for rainbow trout. The Progressive Fish-Culturist, 46: 249-253.
  • Rizzi, L., Simioli, M., Roncada, P., & Zaghini, A. (2003). Aflatoxin B1 and clinoptilolite in feed for laying hens: Effects on egg quality, mycotoxin residues in livers, and hepatic-mixed function oxygenase activities. Journal of Food Protection, 66, 860-865.
  • Roscoe Miller, W., Hendricks, A.C., & Cairns Jr, J. (1983). Normal ranges for diagnostically haematological and blood chemistry characteristics of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40: 420-425.
  • Shimma, Y., Shimma, H., Ikeda, K., Akiyama, T., & Suzuki, R. (1984). A rearing test of 2-year-old rainbow trout a 15 °C pond from June to spawning in December with reference to plasma constituents. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture, 6, 33-43.
  • Tacon, A.G.J. (1997). Aquafeeds and Feeding Strategies. In: Review of the State of World Aquaculture, FAO Fisheries Circular No. 886 (Rev.1), Rome, Italy pp. 39-44. Willis, W.L., Quarles, C.L., & Fagerberg, D.J. (1982). Evaluation of zeolites fed to male broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 61, 438-442.
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There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology, Environmental Sciences, Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Haluk Tekeşoğlu 0000-0001-5242-978X

Sebahattin Ergün 0000-0002-9077-9438

Project Number BAP Project No: 2006/41
Publication Date March 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Tekeşoğlu, H., & Ergün, S. (2021). Effects of Dietary Natural Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) on Growth and Some Blood Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Onchorynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792). Acta Aquatica Turcica, 17(1), 119-128. https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.765667