Research Article
Mevsimsellik, Peyzaj Elemanları ve Mezohabitatlara Göre Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera ve Trichoptera Beslenme Modelleri ve Stratejileri
Abstract
Batı Ghats ve Doğu Ghats'ın 27 deresindeki Fonksiyonel beslenme grupları, bağırsak içeriği analizine ve ağız kısımlarına dayanarak, mevsimsellik, akarsu düzeni, peyzaj elementleri (LSE)Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera ve Trichoptera mezohabitat (EPT) ile ilişkili olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmadan toplam 14.168 örnek toplandı ve tanımlandı. Trofik kategorilerin bileşimi, toplayıcıların baskınlığı ile farklı mevsimler arasında hafif bir farklılık gösterdi. Akarsu düzenine göre EPT'nin fonksiyonel besleme gruplarının bolluğunun sonuçları, akarsu düzeni 1 ve 2’de toplayıcıların ve avcıların, 3 ve 4’de toplayıcılar ve filtre besleyicilerin baskın olduğunu gösterdi. LSE elementleri incelendiğinde, toplayıcıların areka cevizinden akan derelerde yüksek, doğal bitki örtüsü içinden akan akarsularda ise düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Fonksiyonel besleme gruplarının akarsu düzeni içindeki dağılımları da analiz edilmiştir. Mezohabitat sonuçları, kazıyıcıların çukurlardaki suda baskın olduğunu, toplayıcıların, yırtıcıların, öğütücülerin ve filtre besleyicilerin akan derelerde olduğunu gösterdi. ANOVA sonuçları, sadece mezohabitatın istatistiki açıdan anlamlı olduğunu gösterdi. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, çalışmamızın sadece EPT taksonları ile sınırlı olması ve kalın bir şekilde örtülü su akışı alanlarının bulunmaması nedeniyle, Nehir Sürekliliği Konseptinin (RCC) tahminleriyle genel olarak uyuşmamaktadır.
References
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(1997). Caecilian diversity of the Western Ghats: in search of the rare animals. Current Science, 183-187. Burton, T.M., & Sivaramakrisnan, K.G. (1993). Composition of the insect community in the streams of the Silent Valley National Park in the Southern India. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 34 (1), 1-16. Cadenasso, M.L., Pickett, S.T.A., Weathers, K.C., & Jones, C.G. (2003). A framework for a theory of ecological boundaries. BioScience, 53, 750–758. Chan, E.K.W., Zhang, Y., & Dudgeon, D. (2007). Contribution of adult aquatic insects to riparian prey availability along tropical forest streams. Marine and Freshwater Research, 58, 725-732. Dobson, M., Mathooko, J.M., Ndegwa, F.K., & M’erimba, C. (2004). Leaf litter processing rates in a Kenyan highland stream, the Njoro River. Hydrobiologia, 519 (13), 207-210. Ferro, M.L., & Sites, R.W. (2007). The Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera of Missouri State Parks, with notes on biomonitoring, mesohabitat associations, and distribution. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 80(2), 105-129. Ghate, U., Joshi, N.V., & Gadgil, M. (1998). On the patterns of tree diversity in the Western Ghats of India. Current Science, 75, 594-603. Haapala, A., Muotka, T., & Markkola, A. (2001). Breakdown and macroinvertebrate and fungal colonization of alder, birch, and willow leaves in a boreal forest stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 20, 395-407. Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T., & Ryan, P.D. (2001). PAST (Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis). Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9. Irons, J.G. II.I, Oswood, M.W., Stout, R.J., & Pringle, C.M. (1994). Latitudinal patterns in leaf litter breakdown: is temperature really important? Freshwater Biology, 32, 401–411. Merritt, R.W., & Cummins, K.W. (1996). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (3rd ed.), Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Merritt, R.W., & Cummins, K.W. (1984). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W., & Berg, M. (2008). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Nagendra, H., & Gadgil, M. (1998). Linking regional and landscape scales for assessing biodiversity: A case study from Western Ghats. Current Science, 75, 264–271. Naiman, R.J., & Decamps, H. (1997). The Ecology of Interfaces: Riparian Zones. Annual Review of Ecological Systems, 28, 621-658. Sadler, J.P., Bell, D., & Fowles, A. (2004). The hydroecological controls and conservation value of beetles on exposed riverine sediments in England and Wales. Biological Conservation, 118, 41-56. Schlosser, I.J. (1987). A conceptual framework for fish communities in small warm water streams. In: W. J. Matthews and D. C.Heins (eds.). Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, pp 310. Sites, R.W., & M.L. Willing. (1991). Microhabitat associations of three sympatric species of Naucoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Environmental Entomology, 20, 127-134. Stout, R.J. (1989). Effects of condensed tannins on leaf processing in mid-latitude tropical streams: a theoretical approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1097-1105. Subramanian, K.A., & Sivaramakrishnan, K.G. (2005). Habitat and microhabitat distribution of stream insect communities of the Western Ghats. Current Science, 89, 6- 25. Vadas, R.L., & Orth, D.J. (1998). Use of physical variables to discriminate visually determined mesohabitat types in North American streams. Rivers, 6, 143-159. Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R., & Cushing, C.E. (1980). The river Continnum Concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 130-137. Vilenica, M., Brigic, A., Sartori, M., & Mihaljevic, Z. (2018). Microhabitat selection and distribution of functional feeding groups of mayfly larvae (Ephemeroptera)in lotic karst habitats. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 419, 17. Wantzen, K.M., Wagner, R., Suetfeld, R., & Junk, W.J. (2002). How do plant-herbivore interactions of trees influence coarse detritus processing by shredders in aquatic ecosystems of different latitudes? Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 28, 1-7. Ward, J.V. (1998). Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biological Conservation, 83, 269-278. Wesner, J.S. (2010). Seasonal variation in the trophic structure of a spatial prey subsidy linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs: adult aquatic insects. Oikos, 119, 170-178. Winterbourn, M.J., Rounce, A.G., & Cowie B. (1981). Are New Zealand stream ecosystems really different? New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 15, 321-328.
Feeding Patterns and Strategies of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera in Relation to Seasonality, Landscape Elements and Mesohabitats
Abstract
We inspected functional feeding groups in relationship with seasonality, stream order, Land Scape Elements (LSE), and mesohabitat of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) based on gut content analysis and mouthparts in 27 streams of the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. From the study, a total of 14,168 specimens were collected and identified. The composition of trophic categories showed a slight variation among the different seasons with the dominance of collectors. The results of the abundance of functional feeding groups of EPT across stream orders additionally showed the predominance of collectors and predators in-stream orders 1 and 2. Collectors and filter feeders dominate in-stream orders 3 and 4. By examining the LSE elements, it is found that collectors were high in the streams flowing through areca nut and low in the streams flowing through natural vegetation. The distributions of functional feeding groups within the orders were also analyzed. Mesohabitat results showed scrapers were found to be predominant in riffles whereas collectors, predators, shredders, and filter feeders overwhelm in runs. ANOVA results showed that only mesohabitat was found to be significant. The results of the present study did not broadly concur with the predictions of the River Continuum Concept (RCC) because of the lack of thickly canopied headwater stream sites and the limitation of our study to only EPT taxa.
References
- Abdul, N.H., & Che Salmah. (2019). Functional Feeding Group (FFG) of Aquatic Macroinvertebrate in Middle Reach of Kerian River Basin of North Malaysia Peninsula. Tropical Life Sciences Research, 30 (2), 201. Allan, D.J. (2004). Landscapes and riverscapes: The influence of land use on stream ecosystems. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 35, 257-84. Allan, J.D. & Castillo, M.M. (2007). Stream ecology: structure and function of running waters. 2 ed. Oxford: Alden Press. Arunachalam, M. (2000). Assemblage, structure of stream fishes in the Western Ghats (India). Hydrobiologia, 430, 1-31. Bates, A.J., Sadler, J.P., Perry, J.N., & Fowles, A.P. (2007). The microspatial distribution of beetles (Coleoptera) on exposed riverine sediments (ERS). European Journal of Entomology, 104, 479-487. Baxter, C.V., Fausch, K.D., & Saunders, W.C. (2005). Tangled webs: reciprocal flows of invertebrate prey link streams and riparian zones. Freshwater Biology, 50, 201-220. Bhatta, G. (1997). Caecilian diversity of the Western Ghats: in search of the rare animals. Current Science, 183-187. Burton, T.M., & Sivaramakrisnan, K.G. (1993). Composition of the insect community in the streams of the Silent Valley National Park in the Southern India. Journal of Tropical Ecology, 34 (1), 1-16. Cadenasso, M.L., Pickett, S.T.A., Weathers, K.C., & Jones, C.G. (2003). A framework for a theory of ecological boundaries. BioScience, 53, 750–758. Chan, E.K.W., Zhang, Y., & Dudgeon, D. (2007). Contribution of adult aquatic insects to riparian prey availability along tropical forest streams. Marine and Freshwater Research, 58, 725-732. Dobson, M., Mathooko, J.M., Ndegwa, F.K., & M’erimba, C. (2004). Leaf litter processing rates in a Kenyan highland stream, the Njoro River. Hydrobiologia, 519 (13), 207-210. Ferro, M.L., & Sites, R.W. (2007). The Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera of Missouri State Parks, with notes on biomonitoring, mesohabitat associations, and distribution. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 80(2), 105-129. Ghate, U., Joshi, N.V., & Gadgil, M. (1998). On the patterns of tree diversity in the Western Ghats of India. Current Science, 75, 594-603. Haapala, A., Muotka, T., & Markkola, A. (2001). Breakdown and macroinvertebrate and fungal colonization of alder, birch, and willow leaves in a boreal forest stream. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 20, 395-407. Hammer, O., Harper, D.A.T., & Ryan, P.D. (2001). PAST (Paleontological Statistics software package for education and data analysis). Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1), 9. Irons, J.G. II.I, Oswood, M.W., Stout, R.J., & Pringle, C.M. (1994). Latitudinal patterns in leaf litter breakdown: is temperature really important? Freshwater Biology, 32, 401–411. Merritt, R.W., & Cummins, K.W. (1996). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (3rd ed.), Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Merritt, R.W., & Cummins, K.W. (1984). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa. Merritt, R.W., Cummins, K.W., & Berg, M. (2008). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Nagendra, H., & Gadgil, M. (1998). Linking regional and landscape scales for assessing biodiversity: A case study from Western Ghats. Current Science, 75, 264–271. Naiman, R.J., & Decamps, H. (1997). The Ecology of Interfaces: Riparian Zones. Annual Review of Ecological Systems, 28, 621-658. Sadler, J.P., Bell, D., & Fowles, A. (2004). The hydroecological controls and conservation value of beetles on exposed riverine sediments in England and Wales. Biological Conservation, 118, 41-56. Schlosser, I.J. (1987). A conceptual framework for fish communities in small warm water streams. In: W. J. Matthews and D. C.Heins (eds.). Community and Evolutionary Ecology of North American Stream Fishes, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, pp 310. Sites, R.W., & M.L. Willing. (1991). Microhabitat associations of three sympatric species of Naucoridae (Insecta: Hemiptera). Environmental Entomology, 20, 127-134. Stout, R.J. (1989). Effects of condensed tannins on leaf processing in mid-latitude tropical streams: a theoretical approach. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 46, 1097-1105. Subramanian, K.A., & Sivaramakrishnan, K.G. (2005). Habitat and microhabitat distribution of stream insect communities of the Western Ghats. Current Science, 89, 6- 25. Vadas, R.L., & Orth, D.J. (1998). Use of physical variables to discriminate visually determined mesohabitat types in North American streams. Rivers, 6, 143-159. Vannote, R.L., Minshall, G.W., Cummins, K.W., Sedell, J.R., & Cushing, C.E. (1980). The river Continnum Concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37, 130-137. Vilenica, M., Brigic, A., Sartori, M., & Mihaljevic, Z. (2018). Microhabitat selection and distribution of functional feeding groups of mayfly larvae (Ephemeroptera)in lotic karst habitats. Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, 419, 17. Wantzen, K.M., Wagner, R., Suetfeld, R., & Junk, W.J. (2002). How do plant-herbivore interactions of trees influence coarse detritus processing by shredders in aquatic ecosystems of different latitudes? Verhandlungen des Internationalen Verein Limnologie, 28, 1-7. Ward, J.V. (1998). Riverine landscapes: Biodiversity patterns, disturbance regimes, and aquatic conservation. Biological Conservation, 83, 269-278. Wesner, J.S. (2010). Seasonal variation in the trophic structure of a spatial prey subsidy linking aquatic and terrestrial food webs: adult aquatic insects. Oikos, 119, 170-178. Winterbourn, M.J., Rounce, A.G., & Cowie B. (1981). Are New Zealand stream ecosystems really different? New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 15, 321-328.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Environmental Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 1, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 16 Issue: 4 |
